GE Speedtronic 涡轮机控制系统是市场上最可靠的涡轮机控制系统之一。从 20 世纪 60 年代开始，通用电气为其燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机开发并销售先进的涡轮机控制系统，一直持续到 21 世纪初。这些系统以 SPEEDTRONIC 品牌销售。Speedtronic 系统从 Mark I 系列开始，直到 Mark VIe 发布。

GE Speedtronic turbine control is one of the most dependable turbine control systems on the market. GE developed and sold sophisticated turbine control systems for their gas and steam turbines beginning in the 1960s and continuing until the early 2000s. These systems are marketed under the SPEEDTRONIC brand name. Speedtronic systems began with the Mark I series and continued until the Mark VIe was released.

 尽管每个系统都有重大改进，但许多 Mark I 和 Mark II 控制系统至今仍在世界各地使用。这些系统之所以长盛不衰，是因为通用电气坚持特定的燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机控制理念。根据公司文件，这些理念依次强调 "运行安全性、可靠性、灵活性、可维护性和易用性"。

Despite significant improvements in each system, many Mark I and Mark II control systems are still in use around the world today. These systems’ longevity can be attributed to GE’s adherence to specific gas and steam turbine control philosophies. According to company documents, these emphasize “safety of operation, reliability, flexibility, maintainability, and ease of use, in that order.”

GE Speedtronic 涡轮控制系统

Mark I 和 II

        Mark I 型涡轮机控制系统于 20 世纪 60 年代末首次推出。MKI 控制面板平均有 50 块 PCB（印刷电路板）和三个输入回路，包括启动、温度和速度回路。Mark I 采用了 "关联冗余 "策略。这意味着，当系统在温度等一个控制环路上运行时，还能得到速度控制环路的支持。这为系统提供了过程故障安全保护，尽管其程度不如 Mark IV 等后来更复杂的系统。

GE Speedtronic Turbine Control Systems

Mark I and II

        The Mark I turbine control was first introduced in the late 1960s. MKI control panels had fifty PCBs (printed circuit boards) on average and three input loops, including a start-up, temperature, and speed loop. The Mark I employed a “redundancy by association” strategy. This meant that while the system was operating on one control, such as temperature, it was supported by the speed control. This provided the system with a process fail-safe, albeit not to the same extent as later, more sophisticated systems such as the Mark IV.

  Mark II 在 Mark I 的基础上进行了改进，采用了固态集成电路和新的机柜布局。电路首次实现了复杂功能的实际应用，如燃烧监测。Mark I 和 Mark II 的控制均由三个回路（启动/速度/温度）驱动，其中需要最少燃料的参数优先。这个最小值门的输出被称为 VCE（电子控制电压）。该值决定了使用的燃料量。MKI 使用 28 伏直流继电器进行排序。MKII 则使用数字逻辑软件进行排序。

         The Mark II improved on the Mark I by using solid-state integrated circuits and a new cabinet layout. For the first time, the circuitry enabled the practical use of complex functions such as combustion monitoring. Control was powered by three loops (startup/speed/temperature) in both the Mark I and Mark II, with the parameter requiring the least amount of fuel taking precedence. This minimum value gate’s output was denoted as VCE (electronic control voltage). This value determines the amount of fuel used. The MKI used 28 VDC relays for sequencing. For sequencing, the MKII made use of digital logic software.

Mark III

   令人惊讶的是，Mark III 系统的销售量寥寥无几。只有几套用于电液市场，没有一套用于燃气轮机控制。而 Speedtronic 的涡轮机控制系统则采用了集成电路，是第一个使用微处理器的控制系统。它也是第一家为蒸汽轮机提供三重模块化控制的公司，不过，该系统仅用于中小型汽轮机系统，市场有限。

The Mark III

           Surprisingly, only a few Mark III systems were ever sold. Only a few made it through for the electro-hydraulic market, with none for gas turbine control. This Speedtronic turbine control system, on the other hand, had integrated circuits and was the first of the control systems to use microprocessors. It was also the first company to offer triple modular control for steam turbines.

However, it was only used on small and medium-sized turbine systems, which limited its market.

Mark IV

       Mark IV 增加了更方便用户使用的 CRT 操作界面，可显示逻辑功能和数值的当前状态。与以前在正确的电路板上找到合适的电位器并使用连接的电压表进行手动调整的方法相比，显示屏使操作员在需要时更容易更改数值。

Mark IV

The Mark IV added a more user-friendly CRT operator interface that displayed the current state of logic functions and values. When compared to the previous method of finding the proper potentiometer on the correct board and adjusting manually using a connected voltmeter, the display made it easier for operators to change values when needed.

Mark III

         1991 年首次亮相的 Mark V 可以配置为 TMR 或 Simplex Speedtronic 涡轮控制系统。与 Mark IV 相比，最重要的升级之一是增加了软件容错功能（SIFT），使数字伺服器的燃料指令信号保持同步。MKV 可通过蒸汽轮机或燃气轮机为压缩机、泵或发电机提供动力。Mark V 的操作界面可通过 I> 接口数据处理器设置，其中包括显示器、键盘和打印机，也可通过人机界面（HMI）访问系统。

Mark V

         When the Mark V debuted in 1991, it could be configured as a TMR or a Simplex Speedtronic Turbine control system. One of the most significant upgrades over the Mark IV was the addition of software-implemented fault tolerance (SIFT), which allowed fuel command signals to the digital servo to remain in sync. The MKV could be used to power compressors, pumps, or generators via steam or gas turbines. The Mark V’s operator interface could be set up with an I> Interface Data processor, which included a monitor, keyboard, and printer, or the system could be accessed via HMIs (human-machine interface.) The operator interface is usually configured to handle any communication with remote or external devices that may be present.

是否有任何 OEM 升级？

  通用电气公司将 Mark VIe 系统作为一种 "即插即用 "的升级方案，从早期的传统系统进行升级。据该公司称，它是 MKI、MKII 和 MKIV 的 OEM 解决方案。Mark VIe 提供多种选择，包括单、双和三模块冗余控制器，以及带有单、双或共享 I/O 的控制器。由于 Mark VIe 支持以太网，因此 I/O 可以是本地的，也可以是远程的

Are there any OEM upgrades available?

        The Mark VIe system was marketed by General Electric as a “plug and play” upgrade migration from earlier legacy systems. According to the company, it is an OEM solution for the MKI, MKII, and MKIV. Mark VIe offered a variety of options, including single, dual, and triple-modular redundant controllers and controllers with single, dual, or shared I/O. Because the Mark VIe supported Ethernet, I/O could be local or remote.

   虽然 MKVIe 确实为用户提供了更强大的功能，但 Mark VIe 的某些组件现已被通用电气公司指定为遗留产品，不再由原始设备制造商提供支持，其地位与以前的型号相同。整个 Mark VIe 很可能在某个时间点被淘汰。此外，对于那些希望保留当前配置的用户，仍可获得以前系统的部件。与声誉良好的经销商合作，他们拥有知识渊博的技术人员，可以对您的部件进行维护和修理，这也有助于延长系统的使用寿命。

         While the MKVIe does provide users with enhanced capabilities, some of the Mark VIe components have now been designated as a legacy by GE and are no longer supported by the OEM, placing them in the same position as previous models. The entire Mark VIe is likely to become obsolete at some point. Additionally, parts for previous systems are still available for those who want to keep their current configurations. Working with a reputable distributor who has knowledgeable technicians who can perform maintenance and repairs on your components can also help to extend the life of your system.

         Mark VIe 用于各种行业。其中包括核电站、热能和风能，以及水电、石油和天然气系统。这是一种带有分布式自主控制器的分布式控制系统（DCS）。

         The Mark VIe is used in a variety of industries. This includes nuclear power plants, thermal and wind energy, as well as hydroelectric, oil, and gas systems. This is a Distributed Control System (DCS) with distributed autonomous controllers.